Everything about Combined Law Of Thermodynamics totally explained
In
thermodynamics, the
combined law of thermodynamics is a mathematical summation of the
first law of thermodynamics and the
second law of thermodynamics subsumed into a single concise mathematical statement as shown below:
»
Here,
U is
internal energy,
T is
temperature,
S is
entropy,
p is
pressure, and
V is
volume. In theoretical structure in addition to the obvious inclusion of the first two laws, the combined law incorporates the implications of the
zeroth law, via temperature
T, and the
third law, through its use of
free energy as related to the calculation of
chemical affinities near
absolute zero.
Derivation
Starting from the first law, and neglecting differential details:
»
From the second law we have:
»
Hence:
»
By substituting this into the first law, we have:
»
Rearranging we have:
»
Letting dW be pressure-volume work, we have:
»
By assigning the quantity to the left of the equals sign the symbol
G, as
Willard Gibbs did in 1876, this reduces to the following at
thermodynamic equilibrium:
»
Or for a
spontaneous process:
»
Thus, this expression is referred to by many as the combined law of thermodynamics; Gibbs showed that deviations of this quantity could be used to predict the direction of various natural chemical processes.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Combined Law Of Thermodynamics'.
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